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Practical No. 1 — Linux Basic Commands

Aim: Study basic Linux commands, GDM, desktop environment, Linux directory structure and file-system commands.

rpm -q gdm

echo $DESKTOP_SESSION

cd /

ls

cd /home/user

pwd

ls

cd ..

cd ~

mkdir TYIT

cd TYIT

touch student

echo "I am TYIT student" > student

cat student

cp student student1

mv student1 student2

rm student2

cd ~

rmdir TYIT

df -h

Practical No. 2 — Input/Output Redirection, Text Processing & User Switching

Aim: To study basic Linux system commands, input-output redirection, text processing commands, regular expressions and user switching commands.

mkdir thirdyear

touch student.txt

echo "1 java prac" > student.txt

cat student.txt

echo "2 linux prac" >> student.txt

echo "3 .net prac" >> student.txt

echo "4 AI prac" >> student.txt

cat student.txt

cat student.txt | wc

ls abc 2> error.txt

grep prac student.txt

grep "^1" student.txt

grep prac student.txt

whoami

su root

whoami

Practical No. 3.1 — Hard Link and Soft Link

Aim: Create a Hardlink and Softlink in Red Hat Linux.

mkdir prac3.1

cd prac3.1

touch file1.txt file2.txt

ls

ln file1.txt hardlink

ls

ls -li

ln -s file2.txt softlink.txt

ls

ls -l

cat file1.txt

ls -li

Practical No. 3.2 — Archive and Compression

Aim: Archive and Compression using tar, gzip and bzip2.

mkdir backup

touch backup/file1.txt backup/file2.txt backup/file3.txt

ls

tar -cvf Backup.tar backup

ls

tar -tvf Backup.tar

tar -xvf Backup.tar

ls extract/backup

gzip Backup.tar

ls

gunzip Backup.tar.gz

ls

bzip2 Backup.tar

ls

tar -czvf Backup.tar.gz backup

tar -xzvf Backup.tar.gz

tar -cjvf Backup.tar.bz2 backup

tar -xjvf Backup.tar.bz2

Practical No. 3.3 — File Permission and Ownership

Aim: File Permission and Ownership using chmod, chown and chgrp.

Part A

su

touch tyit.txt

ls

ls -l tyit.txt

useradd shubhamm

passwd shubhamm

su -

touch tyit.txt

ls

ls -l tyit.txt

chown shubhamm tyit.txt

ls -l tyit.txt

chgrp itit tyit.txt

ls -l tyit.txt

Part B

Aim: Changing the owner and group and checking with the inode.

mkdir demos

cd demos

touch demo.txt

ls -i demo.txt

ls -l demo.txt

chmod u+x demo.txt

ls

chmod 755 demo.txt

ls

chmod 644 demo.txt

ls

Practical No. 3.4 — Linux ACL

Aim: Linux ACL Practical.

mkdir

touch demo.txt

getfacl demo.txt

setfacl -m u:shubhu:rwx demo.txt

getfacl demo.txt

setfacl -m g:itit:rw demo.txt

getfacl demo.txt

setfacl -x g:itit demo.txt

getfacl demo.txt

setfacl -b demo.txt

getfacl demo.txt

Practical No. 3.5 — Umask and Extended Attribute

Aim: Study Umask and Extended Attributes.

umask

touch file.txt

ls -l file.txt

mkdir dir1

ls -ld dir1

umask 027

umask

touch file2.txt

ls -l file2.txt

mkdir dir2

ls -ld dir2

touch test.txt

getfattr -d test.txt

setfattr -n user.department -v it test.txt

getfattr -d test.txt

setfattr -n user.class -v tyit test.txt

getfattr -d test.txt

setfattr -x user.department test.txt

getfattr -d test.txt

Practical No. 4.1 — User and Group Management

Aim: Creating and managing user and group.

useradd shubhu

passwd

groupadd pro

grep std1 /etc/passwd

grep pro /etc/group

usermod -aG pro std1

groups std1

groupmod -n devp pro

userdel std1

groupdel devp

id

getent group

Practical No. 4.2 — Permission, Password Management & Superuser Access

Aim: Working with permission, password management and superuser access using su, sudo and root.

touch file1.txt

ls -l file1.txt

chmod 755 file1.txt

ls -l file1.txt

useradd iamshubhu

passwd iamshubhu

chown stud file1.txt

chgrp devl file1.txt

passwd stud

chage -l stud

chage -M 60 stud

chage -l stud

su - stud

exit